1429 ~ Joan of Arc defeated the English troops besieging Orleans.

1800 ~ Birthday of John Brown, American abolitionist.

1873 ~ Birthday of Howard Carter, British archaeologist.

1892 ~ Birthday of Zita of Bourbon-Parma, last empress of Austria-Hungary.

1901 ~ Australia opened its first parliament in Melbourne.

1920 ~ Birthday of Richard Adams, Author.

1927 ~ The Australian Parliament first convened in Canberra.

1950 ~ Robert Schuman presented his proposal on the creation of an organized Europe. This proposal, known as the "Schuman declaration", is considered to be the beginning of the creation of what is now the European Union.

1986 ~ Death of Tenzing Norgay, Mountaineer.

1994 ~ Nelson Mandela inaugurated as South Africa's first black president.

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Eudaimonia